History of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir. Unparalleled in piety, his real name was Abul Muzaffar Mohiuddin, while the title of Aurangzeb Alamgir and his father Shah Jahan gave him the title of Alamgir, but he was more famous for his title than his name. He died in Gujarat on November 3, 1618.
Born in the place of Aurangzeb Alamgir ruled this country for fifty years. Aurangzeb Alamgir who ran the Sultanate system is his example. Many of his monuments are still alive today. and produced a quarter of the world’s total GDP. Aurangzeb’s mother was Bano Begum, who was known as Mumtaz Mahal.
History of Aurangzeb Alamgir
Aurangzeb Alamgir was only two years old when Shah Jahan turned against his father Jahangir, and then he traveled around Bengal and Telangana with his wife and children for four years. But he apologized by selling his son Aurangzeb Alamgir to the court. Jahangir sent the two children under surveillance. Aurangzeb had the opportunity to learn from Ulama like Syed Mohammad, Mir Hashim, and Mulla Saleh. In addition to this, he also had great skill in equestrian archery.
At the age of seventeen, in sixteen hundred and thirty-six, during this time, he crushed many rebellions and conquered a few new areas at will. Shah Jahan’s illness took all the administrative government in his hands. Due to Dara’s haste, rumors of Shah Jahan’s death started spreading and unrest spread in the country. Shah Shuja established his kingdom in Bengal and set out to attack Agra. A battle took place between the armies of Dara and Shuja near Banaras in which Dara was victorious and Shuja was defeated.
Biography of Aurangzeb Alamgir
Aurangzeb Alamgir met with Murad and decided to fight Dara. The two armies met near Ujjain. Aurangzeb Alamgir was victorious. Another battle took place near Samogarh. Aurangzeb was again successful. Aurangzeb sat on the throne with Abu and Muzaffar Mohiuddin and he did some of these. It was not the only way, but the kings and their small governments at that time also used to collect such taxes. Shivaji used to collect a quarter of the production in his occupied territory.
Abolished the mentioned taxes as unfair and anti-peasant even though his income was in crores. He waived several taxes that belonged to the Hindus, such as the Ganges worship tax, the Ganges tax, and the tax on washing men in the Ganges. The revenue of the empire was about two and a half pounds during the reign of So she reached close to four million pounds during the era of Alamgir.
Western Countries
It was customary in governments that when an official died, all his property was confiscated and entered into the government treasury. Even today in some Western countries such a law exists. If a person passes away without a share, his entire estate goes into the custody of the government. Aurangzeb Alamgir abolished this system so as not to cause injustice to the heirs of the incumbent. He tried to make it easy for the oppressed to get justice. He used to attend court two or three times a day.
There was no obstacle for anyone to attend. He could, and without delay, justice was delivered to him. I appointed official representatives in each district through one, that if the people have any claims against the king and the government, they should present them before them and after their investigation, pay the rights of the people. There was a system of journaling and pamphlet writing, through which information was sent to the king from all corners of the country and the government was aware of all the situations and took appropriate steps.
Aurangzeb Alamgir Hardships
Through this system, the country was also protected the people’s Help was also given and officials were reprimanded for their mistakes. Used to act as a cover for corruption. Aurangzeb Alamgir made all kinds of offerings, especially on the celebration of Nowruz, all Umrahs used to offer big offerings in the service of the king. Obedience to the people is not to be offered in order to maintain the status quo, the king is made a prisoner of exaggerated fruits, that is why Timur Link used to say that as there is a God in the sky, the same rank is on the earth.
Therefore, according to the Mughals, there has been a kind of worship of the emperor. At the hands of Akbar, seeing the emperor and making sajdah was an act of worship and countless people used to perform this act of worship every day. Jahangir ended this sajda but the land remained. Alamgir ended this ritual in which people used to worship the emperor in the morning and did not eat or drink anything before visiting the emperor.
Mughal Emperor
Of course, it was allowed that if someone in need came, his request should be tied in a rope and delivered to the emperor above, and the beaks of the rulers break the backs of the poor people. I used to admire kings. And there used to be a person responsible for them. Which was called Malku Shohra. Aurangzeb Alamgir put an end to this show. He did not like any flourishing and mixed poetry in his glory. There was a special arrangement to play songs in Darbar Shahi to entertain the king.
She used to make the king happy by singing and dancing, and huge sums of money were spent on them. Alamgir also ended this series. Gold and silver materials were kept for the writing of the king. Alamgir advised to keep sugar pills instead. The prize money was brought in a big silver tray. Aurangzeb Alamgir also abolished this Tisht ritual. In general, crores of rupees of income were reserved for the pocket money of the kings.
Sultan Aurangzeb Alamgir
Yes, they put the previous kings to shame, but Aurangzeb did not make him rich even to the glory of the palace. He did not build any for his own expenses kept only a few villages in his share and added all the remaining expenses to the government. He gave special attention to the development of education. Teachers were appointed in every city and town. Not only were stipends fixed and jagirs given to the teachers, but facilities were also provided by the government for the expenses and livelihood of the students.
It is said that most of Aurangzeb’s provisions are related to education. Which have been copied by some of his biographers. In that era, industry and craftsmanship were not developed as they are today. Aurangzeb Alamgir gave special attention to agricultural development, encouraged farmers who did not have money to farm, provided money from government exchequers, and exempted farmers from needy farmers to cultivate in fallow lands.
Era of Globalization
Were not done, they were handed over to such peasants as were willing to settle them and directed their officials to levy as much rent on the peasants as they could easily and willingly pay if they paid in cash. If you want to give gender instead, it should be accepted. He called it the responsibility of the government to dig wells for the farmers, repair the old wells, and improve the irrigation resources. He paid special attention to surveying the land to find out which land was mature and how to make it cultivable.
He wrote in his decree that the greatest desire and desire of the king was to develop agriculture. The agricultural production of this country increased. May the farmers be prosperous and blessed with leisure. which is entrusted by God to a king. As a result of this focus on agricultural production, there were many areas conquered during the era of globalization where expenditure exceeded revenue.
Government and Governor
If this situation had not happened, Aurangzeb would not have been able to rule such a long and vast area for fifty years. And as a result of the uprising of the people, the kingdom would have been divided. A major achievement of Aurangzeb is also reformation, he banned the cultivation of bunds, prohibited alcohol and gambling, stopped the worship of the Kaaba and forced prostitutes to marry, and banned the keeping of concubines as slaves or eunuchs.
For a long time, there was a strict practice in which after the death of the husband, the wife was cremated with the husband’s pyre. Aurangzeb Alamgir did not legally forbid it at all but instead instructed the officials to try to prevent women from this ritual and to invite them through their women too. Also, it was prohibited to do it without the permission of the governor of the area.
Ferozepur
So that a woman cannot be forced to do this by her makeup in-laws or other people in society. In this way, the practice of sati almost ended. In 1665, Assam was conquered and the Portuguese and Firangi were eliminated. The tenth and last Guru, Gobind Singh, started a rebellion around Anantapur and after defeating him, he settled down near Ferozepur on a hill near Ferozepur, where Muktsir was later settled. They were on their way when Aurangzeb Alamgir himself died.
Alamgir sent Raja Jai Singh and Khan against Shivaji in 1666. They conquered many forts. Shivaji and his son were imprisoned in Agra. Shivaji escaped. After that, he reached Maharashtra and started killing and looting again. In 1680, Shivaji died and his son succeeded him. This also took place in Katlogarat Giri. Alamgir himself reached the Deccan. Sambhaji was arrested and then killed. His son Sahu was placed under house arrest in Delhi.
The states of Bijapur
By taking the Deccan, the princely states of Bijapur and Golconda helped the Marathas. It abolished the princely states of Bejapur in 1686 and Golkanda in 1687. After this, parts of India were also conquered by the Marhats and after this, the Mughal Sultanate spread throughout India. Alamgir Ahmed fell ill in Nagar and died on March 3, 1777, at the age of ninety. According to the will, he was buried in Khaldabad.
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There is a place near Faridabad called Aurangabad where the monuments of Aurangzeb are preserved even today. Aurangzeb was a pious, pious, prudent and high-level administrator. A penny is also drained from the treasury for personal expenses. He used to spend his time writing the Quran and learning hats. He was also a prolific writer.
A collection of Fatwas was written on his orders by the name of Rukwate Alamgir to run the system of the Sultanate, which in history is called Fatawi Alamgir. Fatawi Alamgir holds a crown in Islamic jurisprudence. Baz Ulama also termed Sultan Aurangzeb as his era. He had five sons named Bahadur Shah, Sultan Mohammad Akbar, Mohammad Azam Shah, Kambakhsh, and Mohammad Sultan. And besides, there were five daughters. The famous poet Zeb al-Nisa was his daughter.
